Normality converter
Convert normality to molarity and back. Pick the solute first: sulfuric acid gives two reacting units per molecule, so 1 M is 2 N.
That's about the same as a one-normal solution. One liter of it would neutralize 1 equivalents of base.
What it means
How strong is that solution?
Normality depends on the reaction, not just the compound. Permanganate is 5 N per mole in acid but 3 N in neutral solution.
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Three things worth knowing
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N = M × equivalents per mole
HCl gives one proton, so 1 M is 1 N. Sulfuric acid gives two, so 1 M is 2 N. Phosphoric acid gives three.
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Built for the burette
Normality was invented so titration arithmetic would be trivial: N₁V₁ = N₂V₂, with no stoichiometry to remember at the bench.
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Normality needs a reaction
The same bottle can be 1 N or 5 N depending on what it is reacting with. That ambiguity is why SI discourages the unit and why many journals now ban it.
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Background
About normality
Molarity counts molecules; normality counts reacting units — protons for an acid, hydroxides for a base, electrons for a redox reagent. One mole of sulfuric acid carries two protons, so a 1 M solution is 2 N.
Titrations work in normality because equal volumes of equal normality neutralize exactly.